Report on Pizza Hut

Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut A PRESENTATION REPORT ON PIZZA HUT PESHAWAR ACCEP TED TO SIR IMRAN WAZIR ACC EPTE D BY : ADNAN KHAN MUJAHID HUSSAIN NAVEED SAEED SHAHZAD TAHIR ZARTASHIA ARSHAD BBA (HONS) – C 1st Semester Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 1 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Topic Letter of acceptance Executive summary History of Pizza Introduction & History Of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut Mission Statement Comparative Strategy PEST SWOT Segmentation Positioning Targeting Pizza Hut Strategies Functional Level Strategy TQM (Total Quality Management) Business Level Strategy Pricing Strategy Market Share Four P's of Marketing ? Product ? Price ? Place ? Promotion Conclusion References Page Number 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 15 16 17 18 Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 2 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE To: Mr. Imran Wazir, Lecturer IM| Sciences, Peshawar. Subject: PREPARATION OF REPORT We are Hereby Presenting the presentation on Company Pizza Hut and assure you submission of our report in compliance with the instruction envisaged. Name of topic is repeated for ready reference please. â€Å"Marketing Plans & Business report on Pizza Hut† Yours sincerely, Adnan Khan Mujahid Hussain Naveed Saeed Shahzad Tahir Zartashia Arshad Date: March 03, 2009 Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 3 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the past four decades Pizza Hut has built a reputation for excellence that has earned the respect of consumers and industry experts alike. Building a leading pizza company has required relentless innovation, commitment to quality and dedication to customer service and value. The qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership have characterized Pizza Hut’s business through more than four decades of success. Through the strength of its heritage, its culture and its people and franchisees, Pizza Hut looks forward to more success in future. There are different objectives of every organization. In order to achieve these objectives different targets are set. Targets pass down the hierarchy depending on the nature of the business. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives, management decides on different strategies. These strategies are divided into many sub-parts and are useful for the running of the business. The employees and the management know what they have to achieve through the targets which have been set to them and the strategies they have adopted help them know the way they will achieve the objectives. Similarly, Pizza Hut has different targets set to them and they have adopted different strategies to successfully achieve the targets set. These targets are set by the RSC i. e. the restaurant support centre in Karachi. These targets are passed on to the RGM (restaurant general manager) and he passes them to the workforce. These targets fall within the organizational structure in which there are many people who have different targets to achieve. In order to successfully achieve the targets they need to co-operate and work in a friendly environment. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 4 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut HISTORY OF PIZZA About Pizza, Some will tell you Italy. That's wrong. What you know as pizza came into vogue around the time of Napoleon and the French revolution. Italians, known to be lovers of fine food and wines perfected and imported this terrific dish to America. From here it quickly endeared itself to mass production and re-export to the rest of the world. Bon appetite! INTRODUCTION & HISTORY OF PIZZA HUT In 1958, Frank and Dan Carney had an idea for a great local pizza restaurant in Wichita Kansas. The small 25 seat restaurant only had room for 9 letters on the sign†¦ the building looked like a hut†¦ so ‘Pizza Hut' was born! Fifteen years later, we opened the first UK restaurant and since then we've become the biggest Pizza Company on the planet, Let see listen Pizza Hut Story from them! †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1958 Frank and Dan Carney open the first Pizza Hut in Wichita, Kansas. 1972 1000 restaurants are open throughout the USA. 1973 Pizza Hut went international with restaurants in Japan, Canada & England. The first UK Pizza Hut opened in Islington, London. 977 PepsiCo bought Pizza Hut. 1980 Pan Pizza was introduced. 1982 The UK joint venture started between PepsiCo and Whitbread. 1984 Over 50 restaurants so far in the UK. 1986 By now, there were 100 restaurants in the UK and 5000 worldwide. 1987 An average of one restaurant opened each week in the UK. 1988 The UK's First Delivery Unit was opened in Kingsbury, London. 1992 There were 9,000 restaurants in 84 countries. 1993 There were 300 restaurants and delivery stores in the UK. 1994 10,000 Pizza Huts were open for business. 1997 PepsiCo decided to focus on their drinks business. As a result, Tricon Global Restaurants was born, creating the largest restaurant brand in the World. Tricon became the partner company with Whitbread. 1999 Pizza Hut had over 400 restaurants, employing 14000 people. 2002 Tricon Global became YUM! Brands Inc. 2006 Whitbread sold their share of the joint venture to Yum! Brands Inc. Pizza Hut UK Ltd was now 100% owned by Yum! 2008 We bought Godfather's Pizza in Ireland with 28 stores. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 5 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut's Mission Statement We take pride in making a perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. Every customer says, â€Å"I'll be back! † We are the employer of choice offering team members opportunities For Growth, Advancement, And Rewarding Careers in a Fun, Safe Working Environment. †¢ P. E. A. R. L. S ? PASSION for excellence in Doing everything ? EXECUTE with positive energy and urgency. ? ACCOUNTABLE for growth in customer satisfaction and profitability. ? RECOGNIZE the achievement of others and have fun doing it. ? LISTEN and more importantly, respond to the voice of the customer. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 6 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut COMPARATIVE STRATEGY: This forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new nonpizza items such as Buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas. In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn't necessarily want pizza. Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different different enough that customers will think it’s a whole new product. For example, let's look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the â€Å"Bigfoot,† which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced â€Å"Stuffed Crust Pizza,† where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed â€Å"The Edge,† which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing â€Å"The Big New Yorker,† trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country. Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a UAN (in USA 1-800) number customer hotline and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 7 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 8 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut ENVIRONMENTAL AND INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF PIZZA HUT In our visit to Pizza Hut we conducted research on PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis. In the internal analysis of Pizza Hut we have considered SWOT of the Company. PEST (Political, Economic, Social & Technological) i. POLITICAL ISSUES: Political issues include regulatory frame work operating in judicial system which may affect the business in different ways. There are not many political factors in Peshawar affecting Pizza Hut as is lack of competition. Factors such as laws on business employment, pollution and taxation apply on the organization which it has to follow regarding the rules. ii. ECNOMIC FACTORS: If the county’s economy is better so the GDP of the country will be good, this is a green signal for the business as the per capita income of the people will be increased and they will spend more money. In our survey we came to know that most of the people in the beginning of the months spend more and they visit pizza hut very often. When the inflation rate increases the cost of raw material also increases and this leads towards high prices of the products and vice versa. iii. SOCIAL FACTORS: Pizza hut is a multinational and it is basically originated from America so the organization is overwhelmed by western culture. There are social forms of society which consist of Upper class, middle class, middle upper class, lower class and lower class. Every country has cultural norms, values, beliefs and religion which can affect the organization. iv. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Now a day’s technology is improving so as baking and heating ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet; telemarketing and the organization can advertise their products with much more faster pace. Computer based customer data that is MIS (managing information system) helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions, future forecasting and decision making. New vehicles will make their service more efficient. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 9 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut SWOT ANALYSIS: Every organization has its strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats. So, the SWOT analysis for pizza hut is as under: Strengths: Pizza Hut is the market leader in providing different products of pizzas as there are no competitors in this sector. There good image makes the organization more strong. Pizza Hut is providing good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialized in pizzas. Motivation level of staff is very high which make the organization more prosperous. They are ISO (International Standard Organization) certified. They have enough resources for operating different activities of the organization. They are providing free home delivery service. They have created monopoly in this sector. Another big Strength and even a Competitive Advantageis the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of Pizza Hut's competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Pizza Hut can market too many different segments that other pizza chains cannot. For example, Pizza Hut can market to families much easier than Domino's or Little Caesar's. Weaknesses: However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don't have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices. They are providing less range of products comparatively with high prices. They are more focused on Western taste instead of Eastern. Opportunities: New markets can be explored and new opportunities they can gain. Pizza Hut can come up with the new products considering the Eastern taste of the people as like McDonalds. Diversification of new products can increase their arket share. They can reduce their prices because of more resources. Threats: Pizza Hut's number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, Their closest competitor is Domino's Pizza who is working to open their Branch at Karachi. Domino's main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their Lower price. ii. Little Caesar's who is establishing their self in India and might move to i. Institute of Mana gement Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 10 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pakistan is another one of Pizza Hut's competitors, right behind Domino's in market share. Little Caesar's is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. iii. New entrance like Dominos pizza in Pakistan market can affect their market share. iv. Other local restaurants can affect their market share by providing pizzas with lower price. v. Social factors can affect their image as a Western organization. SEGMENTATION: Main segments which Pizza hut has captured are the combination of higher incomes and dual career families , due to higher income consumer have more disposable income , allowing them to eat out more often . Pizza Hut holds the most market share in the Pizza industry, the perceived quality and service of the company will help to ensure a better the average chance at a successful introduction of a new product. The introduction of a product that keeps with today trends is also important to reduce the risk of failure. Pizza Hut maximum market segment is younger generations. These generation ranges from 12 to 30, the overall spending of these generations is mostly on non essential items, the higher amount of spending has been done on eating out. POSITIONING Pizza Hut was among the first multinational brands to enter the food retail sector in Pakistan. When the first Pizza Hut restaurant opened in Karachi the quick service industry was at a nascent stage and the pizza category was dominated by a sole regional player who had a marginal presence. Pizza Hut went on to play a significant role in pioneering and developing this category in Pakistan. Worldwide and in Pakistan, Pizza Hut has come to become synonymous with the ‘best pizzas under one roof'. This is because at Pizza Hut the belief is that every pizza has its own magic, thus making it a destination product – which everyone seeks. It is this belief that has ignited the passion to create, innovate and serve the finest product the industry has to offer, while setting standards for others to strive to replicate. Pizza Hut is committed to providing uncompromising product quality, offering customers the highest value for money and giving service that is warm, friendly and personal. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 11 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut A critical factor in Pizza Hut's success has been its unique dining experience. Crew members at Pizza Hut strive each day to provide ‘CUSTOMER MANIA' – the kind of service that ensures that every visit of the customer is a memorable one. Pizza Hut's constant endeavor to provide extra value – whether it is pizzas which are available to suit every price range, new promotions or the introduction of innovative product ranges – that puts a ‘Yum' on every customer's face – has allowed it to increase its presence in Pakistan to the current 38 restaurants across 9 cities. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 12 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Targeting: Pizza hut targeted market defines them as a family product. This is because they don’t really directly market their customers. They are target everyone whereas their competitors target a certain gender or age. But pizza hut targets a wide range of customers. This is because they want to make the most money and who blames them. They have many competitors and they are bound to try everything to cope up tops. Their competitors are everywhere. There are just a few that are main competitors and pizza hut will always try to be the best and get the most money by making their products better quality but also cheaper. They try to offer something different with their product as well. They offer a range of stuffed crusts to try and attract customers. They also do vegetarian options with meet free pizzas and a salad and pasta bar. Not a lot of restaurants offer a salad and a pasta bar. This is another competitive idea to attract or customers. STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PIZZA HUT: A business's strategy is the pattern of decisions and actions that are taken by the business to achieve its goals. A business has a variety of goals and objectives. All businesses need to organize their business activities in order to achieve their business objectives. Running a business involves planning the current as well as future activities. Hence, in order to achieve the business objectives, all business organizations adopt different strategies. Similarly, Pizza Hut has adopted many strategies which help achieve the targets set by the main office to the local store opened at Peshawar. Changes are the external as well as internal environment has led Pizza Hut rethink their past strategies and has therefore designed new strategies after noticing the changes in the environment. These environmental changes are seen through the PEST and SWOT analysis. After considering all the factors Pizza Hut has decided upon the strategies and their current strategies are divided into five main categories and further have sub-parts. These strategies are: – Functional Strategies: These are strategies designed to improve the efficiency of a business's operations. They often focus on an area, such as marketing, human resource etc. All business organizations adopt strategies at functional level as once the functional objectives are achieved, corporate objectives become easy. In order to make the functional strategy efficient, Pizza Hut has made all the functional departments co-operate with each other. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 13 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Total Quality Management (TQM): This is the most important for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees’ backof-the-house i. e. the kitchen assistants are trained accordingly. They are given extra classes in order to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is important in order to satisfy the CHAMPS. This strategy is strictly implemented in Pizza Hut in order to fulfill the quality standards. Different quality management staff is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the task to observe whether the quality standards are met or not, whereas there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the task to implement quality standards and know whether they are achieved or not. Business Level Strategy: Business level strategies are plans made to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals in a market. Hence, all the businesses need to adopt business level strategies in order to compete in a competitive environment. If we take a look at the Pakistani market, there are no large competitors of Pizza Hut but unlimited small competitors exist in the market. The threat of competitors is very low as there is no international food chain offering pizza in Pakistan at present. Therefore, present strategies adopted by Pizza Hut are keeping in consideration the present competition. Whereas, in future this competition will increase and Pizza Hut will have to change all its business level strategies in order to compete with its rivals. In very near future Dominos is opening its first branch in Karachi. This would be a threat for Pizza Hut and hence, the strategies would be changed. Pricing Strategy: The level of competition a business faces determines its pricing strategy. Sometimes a business has the scope to set its price and sometimes a business cannot. When a business has the scope to set its price there is a number of pricing strategies or policies it might choose. As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming'. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 14 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 15 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Share: As there are Dozens of Pizza Suppliers Globally Providing Services in different part of the World, but Pizza Hut is the One who got the Bigger Market Share Globally. This is the Survey taken by www. survey. com that Pizza Hut is having 48% of Overall Pizza Market in the World. After that Dominos is leading with a percentage of 20% while the rest 32% is divided in the Remaining Pizza Providers Globally. MARKET SHARE OTHERS 32% PIZZA HUT PIZZA HUT 48% DOMINO'S OTHERS DOMINO'S 20% Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 16 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut FOUR P’S OF MARKETING PRODUCT: Product refers to the actual program you are planning. The goal of pizza hut is to develop the best product with the resources available. Pizza Hut sells pizzas in four different sizes: personal (an individual serving), small, medium and large, though most stores have done away from with the small size. A variety of toppings are available, plus â€Å"specialty† styles, including Meat Lovers, Pepperoni Lovers, Cheese Lovers, Veggie Lovers, Double Cheeseburger, Supreme, Super Supreme and the newly introduced Pizza Mia. The pan pizza has a thicker crust than most other commercially available pizzas . o their products have help them to retain their customers and to increase them . they provide their customers with complete nutrition plan and healthy food is guaranteed. The nutrition plan also clearly tells diabetes patients can use what range of food at pizza hut. Over weight patients are also satisfied and the pizza with less cholesterol can be ordered. This encourages t he customers to visit pizza hut rather than going elsewhere. As pizza hut has to boost its sales in the existing markets, so they the new food products are introduced in all branches line-by–line because all branches are operated in co-operation with one another. Different products for different regions are also developed as there are choice differences. Pizza hut offers a long list of products and never afraid to offer new products like in Peshawar according to market they introduce the very first â€Å"Chapli Kabab Pizza† which was very healthy product by Pizza hut in this region. There are a lot many products according to different geographical places. Like in India they have got there vegetable pizzas, which has a large market there BUT not the Cow Meat Pizza. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 17 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut PRICE: . As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming'. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. First, this pricing strategy will help segment the market. Different groups of customers are willing to pay different prices for the same product. The high/low pricing strategy will also create excitement. The pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming'. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This product will emphasize product and service quality PLACE/DISTRIBUTION: It refers to the best place to offer program. That is the place where it is located and through what channels are we distributing programs and the competitive advantage lies in distribution. The pizza hut Peshawar is situated out of the market area near Army Stadium and Shami road. This site has been chosen keeping in view the following factors. It is in an out of centre location on retail or Leisure Park with good parking accessibility. Secondly the catchment area is of a specified minimum size and within a given drive time to the site. Distribution The type of distribution channel used by Pizza Hut is the direct channel. The direct channel is successful when there is an extremely large market that is geographically dispersed. The direct channel is also useful when there are a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each. Pizza Hut uses three different methods of selling its products directly to the market. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 18 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut i. The first method of distribution used by Pizza Hut is Home. Office delivery. Customers can call Pizza Hut ahead of time, place an order, and the order is delivered to the customer's home. can go to the nearest Pizza Hut, place an order and either leave with the order or eat at the restaurant. One of Pizza Hut's largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility. Pizza Hut offers a clean place to sit down and enjoy the variety of pizzas, salads, and sandwiches in a fun, family atmosphere. ii. Another method of distribution is for customers to dine-in. Customers iii. The third method of distribution is to order Online. Selective County Customers can now go on the Internet and place an order for Pizza. This method is useful because it allows customers to view the entire menu, download any special coupons, and order without having to disclose any credit card numbers. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 19 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut PROMOTION: The objectives of promotion are to introduce a new product, stimulate demand, change the short-term behavior of the customers, and encourage repeat or greater usage by current customers. Pizza hut uses many promotional strategies. The main promotion is a coupon to purchase. This promotion is also distributed mainly by mail, but also by fliers on college campuses around the country in order to reach the target market. They are using billboards on main stream places to get there customer. They are also distributing door to door brochures to capture more and more customers. Pizza huts also using marketing techniques. These are the strategies Pizza hut is using for its marketing. Pizza huts try's to attract the younger generation as their main market segment. Apart from this Pizza Hut is using intense marketing strategies they are also giving ads in magazines. Advertising camping will creates awareness of the products in our target markets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 20 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut CONCLUSION Pizza Hut has many targets which it has achieve in a given period of time. The time-period is mostly a year. Therefore, in order to fulfill the targets different strategies are adopted by Pizza Hut. It can be concluded that these strategies have been successful and there is flexibility in the strategies, as they can be changed with the changes in the market conditions as well as the targets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 21 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut REFERENCES Mr. Amir Zeb, Shift Manager, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Mr. Hamad Zeb, Shift Manger, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Lower staff of Pizza Hut, Peshawar Google Search Engine www. definitions. com www. answers. com www. about. com www. wikipedia. org www. pizzahut. com Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 22

Diane Arbus

Diane Arbus was originally born Diane Nemerov on March 14, 1923 to David Nemerov and Gertrude Russek Nemerov. She was the daughter of a wealthy New York businessman. Her family owned Russeks department store on Fifth Avenue, allowing Dian a pampered childhood. As a member of a prominent New York family, she grew up with a strong sense of what was â€Å"prohibited† and what was â€Å"acceptable† in high society. Diane’s world was a protected one, with little adversity; yet this very lack of adversity made her feel as thou she was living in ungrounded world.As funny and different as it may seem, the ability to have a comfortable life was somehow painful for her. An extremely shy child, she was often fearful but told no one of her scary daydreams and nightmares. From what I gather her closest relationship was with her older brother, Howard. For Jr. High School, the seventh through the twelfth grade, Arbus attended Fieldstone School in the Riverdale section of the Br onx. At Fieldstone she became interested in public spectacles, rituals, and myths; ideas, which would later influence her photography work.Here she also devoted much of her time and energy to art class sketching, painting, and clay sculpture. During this period of her life, Arbus and several of her friends began exploring the city of New York. On their own they would take the subway, getting off in unfamiliar areas, Brooklyn or the Bronx. They would go out to observe and following interesting or unusual passers. At the young age of 14 Diane met her future husband. Allan Arbus, a 19-year-old City College student who was employed in the art department at Russeks, her father’s store. They say it was love at first sight for the young happy couple.Her parents obviously disapproved, as he was not of the same wealth class. However their disapproval only served to heighten Diane's conviction to marry him. Diane saw in marriage a way to escape from all that was restricting and oppress ive in her family life. In many ways, Allan represented the freedom she had been searching for. They were married, on April 10, 1941, with only their immediate families present. At the start of their new lives, to ease financial burdens her husband Allan supplemented his income by working as a salesman and also by doing some fashion photography.Diane Arbus soon became his assistant. World War II came and Allan was sent to a photography school near Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. Soon after Arbus relocated to nearby, Red Bank, and set up a darkroom in their bathroom. As a way to learn Allan taught her everything he was learning in school. May of 1944 came and Allan was transferred to another photography school in Astoria, Queens. By this time Diane was pregnant. She was having their first child, Doon Arbus, who was born April 3, 1945. During the 1940s however, Arbus briefly studied under photographer Berenice Abbott.Learning all she could about photography she and her, husband teamed up a s fashion photographers. Their first customer was her father’s business, Russeks. They were first published in the magazine May 1947 issue of Glamour. This would mark the beginning of a long association with (Conde Nast publishing) firm. Their forte was shooting models in motion. For some reason, the Arbuse’s despised the shallowness of the fashion and the magazine industry. Working in the fashion industry with all the glamour and glitz brought her lots of stress. During this period her only real joy was photographing friends and relatives.She would often wear a camera around her neck at friend and family events. On April 16, 1954, Diane became a mother for the second time. She gave birth to her second daughter, Army Arbus. Now in addition to her fashion work she was also photographing children. She would go out to Spanish Harlem in New York to photograph stranger’s children. In the 1950s she also found herself increasingly attracted to nontraditional people, pe ople on the fringes of normal society. This new avenue provided a release from the oppression felt in the fashion world.During this time of her life she also suffered from recurring bouts of depression. Due to her mental state in 1957 the couple decided to make a drastic change. He would continue to run their fashion studio, leaving her free to find and photographic subjects of her own choosing. Diane began attended Alexey Brodovitch's workshops at a New School. However Arbus found herself drawn to the work of photographs like (Weegee) Arthur Fellig, Louis Faurer, Robert Frank and, especially to the unusual pictures of Lisette Model. In 1958 Arbus enrolled in a class, Model was offering at a New School.It was during this period Diane decided, what she really wanted to pursue photographing â€Å"the different. † She saw her camera as a sort of all access pass, that allowed her to be curious, nosy, and to explore the lives of others. Gradually she overcame her shyness. She enjo yed the ability of going where she never gone before as she did as young child. She would enter the lives and homes of others and confronted that which she had never had in her own overprotected childhood. Her teacher Model taught her to be specific, that if you pay close scrutiny to reality it produces something fantastic.In her early projects, she undertook photographing what she referred to as â€Å"freaks. † She responded to them with a mixture of shame and understanding. For some reason she always identified with her subjects â€Å" the freaks† in a personal way. You could refer to Arbus' â€Å"specific subject matter† as â€Å"freaks, homosexuals, lesbians, cripples, sick people, dying people, and even dead people. † Like Weegee instead of looking away from such people, as do most of us, she looked directly at these individuals, treating them as a serious part of humanity.As a result, they opened their arms to her as one of their own making her work original and unique. In1960, When Arbus and her husband separated, her work became increasingly independent. During that period she began her series of circus images, photographing midget clowns, tattooed men, and sideshow freaks. Diane was frequently seen at Hubert’s Freak Museum at Broadway and 42nd Street, fascinated by the figures she saw. To build a repot she returned again and again until her subjects knew and felt comfortable around her. She also frequented the Times Square area, getting to know the thugs and bag ladies.Arbus’s style, was to pose her subjects, them looking directly into the camera, just as she looked directly at them. For her, the freaks were always more important than the picture. She said, â€Å"I don't like to arrange things; I arrange myself. † She was a firm believer that there were things in life everyone overlooked and no one would ever see, unless she photographed it. In the early 1960s Arbus began to photograph, nudists. She vis ited nudist camps in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, were she agreed to take her clothing off in order to be allowed to stay with them.This period was particularly productive for her, 1962 to 1964. It was during this period Arbus' won her first Guggenheim fellowship for a project on â€Å"American rites, manners, and customs†. Of Arbus' pictures three were shown in John Szarkowski's 1965 show at the MOMA, (Museum of Modern Art) â€Å"Recent Acquisitions†. There were two from her series on nudists and one of two female impersonators back stage. These honest images shocked and often repelled Viewers. Later her work was included, along with that of Lee Friedlander and Garry Winogrand, in Szarkowski's â€Å"New Documents urvey of 1967)† exhibition at the MOMA. The show, which opened March 6, marked the pinnacle of her career while she lived. It included some 30 examples of her work. Critics called her â€Å"the wizard of odds. â€Å", â€Å"the peeping Tom in all of us. † From 1966 on Arbus struggled with bouts of hepatitis, which often left her extremely depressed. In 1969, Allan Arbus, her life long partner, formally divorced her leaving her devastated. He married Mariclare Costello soon after the divorce. To cope with this difficult period Arbus photographed many influential figures of the 1960s: F.Lee Bailey, Jacqueline Susann, Coretta Scott King. Diane Arbus committed suicide in her New York apartment on July 26, 1971. In 1972, a year after she committed suicide, Arbus became the first American photographer to have photographs displayed at the Venice Biennale. Her show broke the attendance record set by the Edward Steichen's noted 1955 photographic exhibit Family Of Men which did include a photograph by the Arbuses of a father and son reading a newspaper, Millions of people viewed traveling exhibitions of her work in 1972-1979.In 2003-2006, Arbus and her work were the subjects of a another major traveling exhibition, Diane Arbus Rev elations. In 2006, the motion picture Fur, starring Nicole Kidman as Arbus, presented a fictional version of her life story. To this day her work continues to draw discushions and provoked controversy. Norman Mailer was quoted in 1971 as saying â€Å"Giving a camera to Diane Arbus is like putting a live grenade in the hands of a child. â€Å"

Protein and Amino Acid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Protein and Amino Acid - Essay Example A lack of amino acids in daily diet will have a greater impact on all cellular development, respiration, or renewal of cells would cease. In total there are only 22 amino acids that join together to form different proteins. In fact amino acid chains combine to form up to 55,000 different proteins, and each protein is used to produce the enzymes, neurotransmitters, and hormones that support normal growth and functioning of all organs, including the heart, brain, liver, intestine, kidneys, and sex organs (Vitaminstuff.com n. pag). Amino acids are categorized into two groups the essential amino acids that should be taken along with diet and non-essential amino acids that are produced by the body. The essential amino acids are isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Non-essential amino acids are those that the body can manufacture from an available source of nitrogen and a carbon skeleton. The nonessential amino acids are arginine, alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine (Vitamin Supplements Guide n. pag). The benefits of taking amino acids as dietary supplements are many these include muscle protein maintenance, proper immune function, affecting neuronal activities in the brain, tissue repair acceleration after burn or trauma, protecting liver from toxic agents, pain relief

Buyer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Buyer Behaviour - Essay Example By analysing the factors that lead to decision making it is then possible to pre-empt the choices that people make in purchasing products or services. This information is vital for successful marketing. The study is confined to three respondents and to three theories of consumer decision making namely: motivation, values and self/self-identity. The three respondents were interviewed and then asked to complete an evaluation form where they ranked several holiday destinations based on a particular set of criteria. The theories used enable analysis of reasoning, Respondent 1 is a 45-year-old female executive at a pharmaceutical company. She is married to an orthopaedic surgeon and has two children aged 12 and 15. Her job allows her to take two months of the year off, which coincides with school holidays. She enjoys spending time with her children and husband and because of her very demanding work-parenting schedule holidays are an essential part of her life (see Appendix A). Respondent 2 is a 25-year old female. She is unmarried and works as a PR account manager. She does not have any children but has a boyfriend who is working in Japan. They try to see each other at least four times a year. The rest of her family lives in Brazil - her country of origin. Annually, she receives 24 days of leave and often has to supplement with unpaid leave (see Appendix B). Respondent 3 is a 34 year old male computer engineer. He is married but does not have any children. His wife does not work, meaning they only live on his income. Currently, they are savin g to purchase a house. Each year he receives 15 days of leave which is primarily spent vacationing (see Appendix C). 2.2 Rankings Six holiday option sets were given namely: domestic vs. international, backpacking vs. luxury, snow vs. tropical, adventure vs. relaxing, historic vs. contemporary, shopping vs. culinary. Respondents had to rank (6 was very important while 1 was least important) the following factors: cost constraints, time constraints, change in weather, family constraints, adventure and relaxation. Cost

Criminal Investigation Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal Investigation Methods - Research Paper Example Such emergencies include fire breakouts, floods, earthquakes and criminal attacks, among others. Among other responsibilities of the police include protection to top leaders, maintaining the general peace and order, protecting specific governmental or public property or infrastructure and ensuring order in the correctional facilities among others (Siegel, 2008). As a police officer, I would admit that my work is interesting and helpful to the public; however, it is faced with several challenges. This discourse tends to elaborate on the policing in the United States of America. Functions of the police According to the United States of America’s constitution, the police is mandated to ensure some specific responsibilities. The responsibilities are divided into three different categories namely maintaining order, enforcing law and providing service. The police are required to maintain order, mean they should protect the public from a few individuals who may opt to compromise the general peace of the public. The public has the right to call the police in case of crime or any suspicions. The rights have ranged from domestic to the public levels. In the family level, any of the spouse or children is free to call the police hotlines incase of any disparity. ... The marshals are however mandated to kill or arrest the criminal depending on the situation (Dammer, 2010). The marshals apply when the criminal is declared lethal in the public. The police are also required to provide services to the public or citizens. This applies in case of calamities or disasters. The police is required to collaborate with various bodies like the medics, first aid agencies to comfort the victims, by transporting them to safer grounds among other activities. The police should also protect the victims from being violated by the public and here they ensure there is no looting or robbery of the victims’ property. The police could also guide tourists or foreigners ensuring their general safety. The police could also enlighten the public on the dangers of certain substances like drugs, prostitutions and gambling among other activities. Still on services, the police could provide a safe environment for lost children or adults then later leas with relevant bodies like child care departments to ensure the victim is delivered to the right parents or guardians. The same police provides safety to the public during public gatherings like in sport arenas, public rallies or crusades. Police are also required to help the elderly adults in the banking facilities, health care facilities among others. Types of police in the United States There are different types of police in the country, and each is mandated to different responsibilities. The different categories are organized into some agencies, with each state having different kinds of agencies. It is also important to note that the police tend to have different

European Union Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European Union Creation - Essay Example The European Union comprises of a majority of states in Europe. Starting from a membership of 6 nations it has grown to 27. The 1957 Treaty of Rome was the foundation for the European Union. Since then it has experienced many changes. The EU consists of common project and policies controlled by member nations. World War 2 was a watershed in the history of Europe. There had never been such a tremendous cost in human and economic which hit Europe so hard. There was a desire to avoid the horrors of war like the Holocaust, concentration camps, slave labour and the numerous other atrocities which were perpetrated in the war. There was also a yearning for an end to warfare since the horrors of modern warfare had been exposed in the conflict. The cold war was also developing between the Soviet Union and United States. The threat of annihilation from nuclear weapons remained. Charlemagne and The Holy Roman Empire were both historical examples of attempts to unite Europe. The Arab conquest of Spain, South France and Italy also led to the idea of a united Christendom against the Moors. There were also ideas about the peaceful unification of European following the threat from the Ottoman Turks. The end of the American Revolution also led to calls for a similar United States of Europe. The rise of nationalism and fascism in the 1930s would however destroy any dreams of United Europe.

Marketing and Management Critical Assessment Research Paper

Marketing and Management Critical Assessment - Research Paper Example The paper has taken into consideration the history of the company along with its past situation and present situation. In analyzing the present situation, PESTEL, porters five force, its target market, posting, and branding strategies have been analyzed and it has reached into the conclusion that the brand has been performing well but still faces certain challenges such as global financial crises, environmental issues which need to be catered in order to sustain...n its sustainability and global pressure. Contents Executive Summary 2 4 Introduction 5 History 6 Present Analysis 8 Target market 8 Differentiation & Positioning 8 Micro Environment 9 SWOT Analysis 10 Macro Environment 11 PESTEL Analysis 11 Overall corporate/business/marketing strategy 12 The 4P’s 13 Life Cycle 14 Y Axis 15 X Axis 15 Brand strategies 15 Online presence 16 Relevance of Corporate and Social Responsibility 17 Future of the brand 18 Reference 19 Introduction In the recent years, the luxury industry has been facing increased pressure due to the rise in Euro currency against dollar which has resulted in the reduction of the global consumer expenditure (Riley, Lomax & Blunden, 2004, p. 40). Luxury can be defined as an indulgence on goods or services that are not essential for daily existence and is directly proportional to economic affluence. The marketers are trying to invent new terms in order to quantify the concept of luxury which in return has created confusion with regards to the term luxury. Luxury is not only trade or restricted to indulgence on cars or fashionable accessories but a very different way of understanding the needs of the customer and manages the business in an effective manner. The term luxury is often dealt with confusion as everyone tends to understand it but there are hardly people who can agree on the meaning of luxury. The concept of luxury is a relative group and not an absolute category. It can be said that with time span the concept and meaning of luxury keep on changing, a luxury today can become an essential item in future. A luxury what is it today will have an absolutely different meaning and value in the future (Kapferer & Bastien, 2009, p.39). The luxury industry is one of the global multi-billion sectors which comprises of brands which are of high relevance and are also among the most influential brands globally. Despite the fact that the luxury industry is among the largest sectors but the SBU of the luxury industry has been experiencing a slow growth rate. The reason behind this was that the brands were managed mainly through the traditional methods of business where decisions were taken through intuition and also on trial basis. Thus in the environment of global business, the luxury sector has been undergoing certain changes in the process of management. Changes such as valuation of brand assets, brand equity along with the need of e-business have been taken place in the luxury sector. Other factors which have also emerge d over the years include the expansion of luxury sector for the consumer market so to target a broader market; increasing competition from other brands; reinterpretation of the concept of luxury by the consumers and with the emerging new markets in the luxury sector such as India, China and Russia have opened up new outlook and opportunities for the fashion luxury sector.

Slavery and Western Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery and Western Expansion - Essay Example In the article, the author explores the failures and triumphs of this period in American history and ends the article by citing fewer celebrations from the period and more disappointments. The author believes that land distribution was a missed opportunity and an egregious failure of this period, claiming that this should have been integral during the emancipation (Dubois 601). This oversight was compounded by injustices directed at the freed slaves concerning civil and labor rights such as black codes and sharecropping. Du Bois, despite the failings, describes the Reconstruction’s failure as splendid wedged between its shortcomings. It is the triumphs of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments, as well as education for African Americans. Overall, the reason that Reconstruction failed was due to the many defeats that outweighed the few successes. In the article, Du Bois emphasizes the issue of land distribution to the slaves who had been freed as one failure after the Reconstruction. General Sherman’s Field Order 15, given in 1865, gave hope for redistribution as he ordered the confiscation of plantation land and its division into sections of 40 acres, which would be given to the freed slaves. Unfortunately, they were removed from the land with the government failing to follow up on General Sherman’s order, as well as reneging on the pre-war declaration by Andrew Johnson regarding land redistribution’s necessity. The author has a Marxist view of the failing, claiming variously â€Å"Liberalism did not understand . . . revolution was economic and involved force. . . . It hoped with the high humanitarian of Charles Sumner eventually to induce the planter to surrender his economic power peacefully . . . that other Charles —   Karl Marx   Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  had not yet published  Das Kapital to prove to men that economic power underlies politics† (Du Bois 591). The force and economics referred to by Du Bois are tenants of General Sherman’s Field Order 15, which involved the confiscation and redistribution of land to be put to use by freed slaves. This would allow for the assimilation of the former slaves into the South’s economic structure. The argument put across by Du Bois is not in violation of American principles present at the time. The Republican Government gave railroad corporations Southern land in the same period. Since these corporations were eligible for this, then the massive numbers of former slaves were too. Instead of economic independence via land redistribution, Southern landowners were free to implement tenant farming to control the former slaves. Dubois describes the system as serfdom that was established in territories, in the South. Serfdom gave a false impression of land distribution with landowners requiring that those who lived on their land gave them part of the crops that they harvested. They were also expected to get their equipment from the landown er at inflated prices that caused them to fall further into debt (Dubois 597). Tenant farming, in essence, is representative of an effort to bring back slavery to the furthest possible degree in the South after the war. Since chattel slavery was now illegal, they turned to binding former slaves to land via perpetual poverty and debt, creating legal and new forms of servitude. Black codes were another dehumanizing aspect faced by Southern freed slaves with legislation that limited and stripped their civil liberties and rights during this period. Passed in late 1865, the Black Code

A research paper on stem cell research legislation

A on stem cell legislation - Research Paper Example Stem cell research is a discipline that is involved in the study of the uses, utilizations and applications of the stem cell, a type of cell that can develop into any form of specialized cell that can help save a particular body function by replenishing the supply of the said cell. Due to the fact that the said concept has the potential capacity to save many lives, a continuous discipline is dedicated for the advocacy, research and development. At the same time, due to the involvement of human health and welfare in the study, strict and structured guidelines were established and continuously being updated to be able to ensure that the components of stem cell research adheres to bioethics and legislations (Atala, Lanza, and Thomson, 2010, p.1123). The paper is aimed to present an overview of the meaning of Stem Cell Research with the focus on the Stem Cell Research Legislation and other related legal issues. Included in the topics discussed in the paper are the history of Stem Cell Re search Legislation in the United States and the comparative analysis of the policies in the U.S. with the rest of the world. In addition, the presentation of the current legislative state of affairs in the country is also considered as an important part of the study undertaken. For the future view on the legal policies, provisions, and laws specifically in terms of the applications of stem cells. One of the manners by which the said objectives are achieved is through the presentation and discussion of sample research results related to the legislation of Stem Cell Research. ... In August 2000, although the US NIH established guidelines that limit the research to existing cell lines, it had not been employed due to the influence of the President in the content of the guidelines. Due to the need for an established set of rules and guidelines, the cooperation of the different organizations and authorities on the discipline has been undertaken. Contributions were made by the Chief Medical Officer’s Expert Group in Great Britain, private ethics boards in Geron Corporation, Advanced Cell Technology in US, committees of the National Research Council, and the International Society for Stem Cell Research (Atala, Lanza, and Thomson, 2010, p.1123). Even through the continuing controversies regarding the sources of the heS cells, the stem cell research continued. This is the second stage of the stem cell research discipline which can be described to be beyond the embryo. This can be attributed to the fact that there had been two (2) developments in the field. Th e first is the human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells which are dermal fibroblasts which had been altered through genetic engineering to behave as heS cells. Another is related to the stance of Obama administration regarding the heS cell research. Prior to his administration, the main focus is the decision to continue or halt the research. On the other hand, he focused on the â€Å"how† of the research process. In this case, it can be considered that he already accepted the continuation of the stem cell research but it should be based on the legislations established by the authorities, both in the administration and in the medical field (Hyun, 2010, p.71). Views and Provisions The Stem Cell Research Legislation in the United States

Data Anlaysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Data Anlaysis - Assignment Example Use a calculator and your sample to calculate ∑X, ∑Y, ∑XY and ∑X2. Use these values to write down the pair of ‘normal equations’ the solutions of which give the constant term (a) and the slope coefficient (b) of the fitted Ordinary Least Squares line Y = a + bX. Step 2. This step involves taking the partial derivatives and setting them equal zero provides us with candidate points for a minimization or maximization. In this step we write the equation that the partial derivatives will be taken in matrix form. Step 3. The partial derivatives of the matrix is taken in this step and set equal to zero. b is a vector or coefficients or parameters. Because the equation is in matrix form, there are k partial derivatives (one for each parameter in b) set equal to zero. Step 4. Simple matrix algebra is used to rearrange the equation. The first order conditions are to set the partials equal to zero. First, all terms are divided by the scalar 2. This removes the scalar from the equation. This is simply for ease. Second, is added to both side of the equation. On the left hand side, the two terms and cancel each other out leaving the null matrix. This step moves to the right hand side. Step 5. Finally, b is found by pre multiplying both sides by . Division by matrices is not defined, but multiplying by the inverse is a similar operation. Recall, , where I is the identity matrix. Multiplying any matrix, A, by I results in A, similar to multiplying by one in linear algebra. The coefficient of GDP is 0.0098662. So for every unit increase in  GDP, a .0.0098662 unit increase in  IN  is predicted, holding all other variables constant. On the other hand the p-value associated with the GDP is 0.800 a value greater than 0.05 (significance level), we thus fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the coefficient for  GDP  (.0098662) is not statistically significantly different from 0. Thus at 5% level of significance

Generals Die in Bed - Plot Essay Example for Free

Generals Die in Bed Plot Essay When he thought war contained glory and glamour, he finds himself wrong when his comrades start to die, beginning with Brown. A while later, he is emotionally affected when he kills a German with his bayonet. His emotional status worsens when another of his friend dies. The narrator then goes on leave for 10 days in England, where a prostitute makes him forget about the war. When he comes back, an attempt to raid the Germans takes place where the rest of his friends, except Broadbent dies. The general tells the new team that the Germans sank a hospital ship, and organizes another raid, this time to kill everyone. The narrator has wounded his foot, and discover that Broadbent was mortally wounded too. Broadbent’s leg is hanging by a string of flesh, but then dies by blood loss. Then the war is over. The recruits are told that the general lied, the Germans didn’t sink a hospital ship. It was a ship filled with weapons. He then realizes war is basically a chess game for the generals, and the soldiers are just young boys, listening to the orders, with meaningless ideals Wikipedia

Stop and Frisk Essay Example for Free

Stop and Frisk Essay The Stop and Frisk program employed by the New York Police Department, gives police officers the right to initiate a stop of an individual on the street allegedly based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. Stop and frisk has been an NYPD tool for decades, but in recent years it has generated an increased amount of criticism and debate due to the alarming rate in which they occur communities of color, who often feel under attack and harassed by the police. Minorities even make up the majority percentage of people searched in predominantly white neighborhoods, which is why I believe that either some kind of quota or limit system should be implement where only a certain percentage of people stopped cane be of a specific race or from specific neighborhood, or New York City should just get rid of the program all together. In 2011 alone, 700,000 New Yorkers were pulled over for stop and frisk searches. Approximately 87 percent were Hispanic or Black and of that percentage 90 percent were deemed innocent (Huffington Post). In comparison, from 2002 to 2011 Hispanics and Blacks made up 90 percent of people stopped, and 88 percent of those stopped were innocent New Yorker (New York Civil Liberties Union). If racial profiling in this case was effective that would be one thing, but there has yet to be any published research that has proven the effectiveness of this program, which is shown in the lack of arrests produced. Violent crimes in New York have decreased by 29 percent between 2001 and 2010; however, other major cities, such as Los Angeles and New Orleans, have experience larger declines without the use of stop and frisk (New York Civil Liberties Union). This is a clear example of why this program that causes more harm than good, should be abolished. This issue is similar to the racial profiling tactics used by Transportation Security Administration officers at countless airports across the United States. Since the September 11th attacks there have been countless claims of racial profiling in airports, particularly against those who appear to be Muslim or Middle Eastern. While it is the TSAs job to keep airports safe and travelers minds at ease, as it is the NYPDs job to accomplish similar goals, this does not give them the right to stop those who are profiled due to their race, religion or simply because their physical appearance is suspicious. However, unlike the random search tactics used in New York, there is evidence that exhibits that the majority of Americans are in favor f racial profiling in airports. According to a 2010 poll conducted by USA Today, 75 percent of Americans polled favored subjecting airline passengers, who fit a profile of terrorists based on age, gender and ethnicity to more extensive security searches. Although airport security is extremely important, I would be in favor of a more random method of searching rather than specifically targeting a certain demogr aphic on the basis that they â€Å"fit a profile. For example, Mexican airport utilize a system where every traveler has to push a button that displays either a red light, which signifies that they must stop for further inspection, and green, which indicates that they are free to pass. Such a random system almost eliminates the possibility of racial profiling. One may argue that although, as a result of this program, only 10 percent of the people stopped and searched are actually arrested, that still means that there are less criminals roaming the streets making the city a safer place. The Police Commissioner of the NYPD, Raymond Kelly, has gone on the defense against critics, saying that neighborhoods, such as Harlem, have grown, population wise, and become safer. Kelly said that the program helped expose 8,000 illegal weapons in 2011 and that it is â€Å"a life-saving measure. † Still, the program faces judgment from local politicians and organizations, such as the New York Civil Liberties Union, who strongly believe that is useless, except in its targeting of residents of â€Å"high-crime areas† and makes them feel like second-class citizens.

Health and Safety in the Workplace: Importance

Health and Safety in the Workplace: Importance Introduction Human resources are one of the most important features of many businesses. A business success relies heavily on the effectiveness to which this resource is managed. Policies and practices used by the firm, set out the standards to which they seek to aspire. They are designed to govern the operation of the business; especially in todays economy where there is such a rise in service industries (Biz/ed, 2010). This topic is of importance to us because it has proven to be a neglected field in todays corporate world; especially in Grenada. In this regard, this paper seek to highlight the importance of Workplace Health and safety to the business, to develop an understanding of how its effective management can affect the performance of a business, outline how this can be effectively carried out with the interest of the company in mind. It is often said that, the health of a nation is the wealth of a nation (Fraser, 2004), the same concept applies to business. The health and safety of a companys human resource is an enormous contributor to the success of that business. Human resources account for a large proportion of many companys costs; it is the people that invariably drive a business (Biz/ed, 2010) According to the Bureau Veritas, Workplace Health and Safety refers to, the evaluation of risks relating to the health and safety of an organizations workers and others (including the public) who may be affected by its activities (Bureau Veritas, 2007). Who establish workplace health and safety? The health and safety of a workplace is established through different sources. Firstly, on a national level occupational health and safety is instituted in accordance with legal regulations that were created by legislative decisions and is enforced and monitored by agencies such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), for the U.S., and the Ministry of Labour in Grenada. OSHA, an agency of the U.S. Department of Labour, has the responsibility of assuring the safety and health of Americas workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging (OSHA, n.d.). On a national and/or on a company level there are also instances of regular inspections by a safety representative. This can be self requested or legally mandated. This is done to ensure that companies follow the stipulated guidelines that are set to govern the safety and health of the workplace. Also, from a corporate standpoint, the health and safety standards of the company can be establish by the declaration of it in the Companys general worker manual and/or in the separate manual set aside for clearly laying out, the standards by which the company seek to keep its work environment and the people that use it safe and healthy. A more informal, but still an effective method is employee observation. This is simply employees reporting hazards that go unnoticed to the inspection representative and/or management. These options are in place to ensure accordance of a company to monitor and control the health and safety of the workplace, and to maintain it. In-adherence of regulations set by the above regulatory bodies can result in an employer being fined or sentenced to jail time (Cascio, 1998). Reasons for Maintaining Workplace Health and Safety There are reasons why a business should maintain a safe and healthy workplace. It purges the environment of possible risks to everyone that uses the facility. An organizations productivity is directly related to the health and safety of its workforce. Therefore, proper health and safety practices safeguard the productivity of its employees. When the workforce is unhealthy it affects productivity; quantity and quality. Proper practices maintain the health of the workers and it protects human rights; the human right to a safe and healthy environment and the human right to a safe and healthy workplace (PDHRE, n.d.) A major reason for maintaining health and safety in the workplace is that failure to do so cost too much. The consequences of not up keeping proper health and safety practices can range from having expensive monetary payouts, to death (users of the workplace). Other repercussions are Lower productivity levels sick or injured worker do not produce the same quality and quantity as do health workers. Poor quality products and services the direct relation between quality of workforce and quality of products or service they produce. High levels of complaints from customers lower quality of products or services delivered to customers would make them unhappy. Loss of customers and subsequently lower revenues if the quality of the production isnt addressed it can result in a loss in the customer base and later loss in revenues because of lower sales. Higher costs this increase in cost can come from different sources including: payment of insurance claims for damages, cost of substitution for sick or injured workers (training and wages), and benefits for sick or injured workers. Higher staff turnover as persons get sick or injured on the job they tend to leave. If the health and safety practices of the workplace are dreadful employees would not stay therefore higher turnover. Poor industrial relations poor health and safety practices would attract attention from unions who fight for the rights of employees. Thus, addressing safety and health issues in the workplace saves the employer money and adds value to the business (OSHA, n.d.). When workers remain safe and healthy, the direct cost-savings to businesses include: lower workers compensation insurance costs reduced medical expenditures smaller expenditures for return-to-work programs fewer faulty products lower costs for job accommodations for injured workers less money spent for overtime benefits Safety and health also result in substantial decreases in indirect cost (OSHA, n.d.). This is as a result of: increased productivity higher quality products increased morale better labour/management relations reduced turnover better use of human resources Employees and their families benefit from safety and health because (OSHA, n.d.): their incomes are protected; no financial shock because of illness or injury their family lives are not hampered by injury; no loss of income destabilization because of illness and injury they have less stress; because of a com Workplace health and safety extend way beyond the boundaries of the worksite. The families of workers and other users of the worksite can also be impacted by health and safety in the workplace (OSHA, n.d.). It is of a misconception that health and safety in the workplace only entails ensuring that there arent any hazards on the worksite however it should be noted that the hazard can be the employees themselves. Employees who are sick (communicable/non communicable), who have a drug or alcohol problem, who have psychological problems can also pose great threat to the health and safety of others in the workplace. Violent employees can also be classified as a hazard (Cascio, 1998). In this regard testing of the individual together with the worksite is necessary; drug and alcohol testing, psychological tests etc. Whose responsibility is it? The health and safety of a workplace should be part of the business HR strategy. It should be an initiative that is deeply rooted into the culture of a business. No one person should be responsible for it. Given this, all employees, supervisors and managers should undergo training in this area to suit their position. Managers especially should possess an attitude that support good health and safety practices because it is usually mirrored by employees; if the manager care about health and safety, the employees will do too (OSHA, n.d.). Both the employer and the employee are responsible for ensuring that the workplace is healthy and safe for all users. Employers are legally obligated to maintain and provide a working environment that is conducive for comfortable operations. They also have to provide safe systems of work and facilities that would sustain the welfare of its employees. They are also responsible for providing employees with any information, instruction, training and/or supervision that is needed to ensure that workers are safe during operations no matter the job. As a result of this responsibility to ensure employees are safe at work, an employer may institute regulations and policies that would call for the attention from and compliance of employees (Directgov, 2010). Employees are also expected to play a part in ensuring proper health and safety of the workplace. They are to make certain their own personal health and safety and that of other persons in the workplace; whether colleague, customer, supplier, etc. Importantly, workers are expected to adhere to the directions given by management to guarantee health and safety. If workers are to ignore these directives it creates a hazard in the workplace not only for themselves but also for others (Directgov, 2010). Effective management of the resource Each workplace is different and dynamic. Therefore the strategy used to effectively manage the human resource should also be different and dynamic. This strategy should include clear and concise plans for the addressing the types of accidents that and exposing the health and safety hazards that could occur at the worksite (OSHA, n.d.). An effective plan, as based upon the safety and health program management guidelines given by OSHA in January 1989 is the Four Point workplace Program. The Four Point Workplace Program as its name suggests, it is a program that contains four elements in approaching optimum effective health and safety standards. These elements Commitment and Employee Involvement The manager or management team leads the way, by setting policy, assigning and supporting responsibility, setting an example and involving employees. Worksite Analysis The worksite is continually analyzed to identify all existing and potential hazards. Hazard Prevention and Control Methods to prevent or control existing or potential hazards are put in place and maintained. Training for Employees, Supervisors and Managers Managers, supervisors and employees are trained to understand and deal with worksite hazards. Conclusion: The success of a business rests to a large degree on the quality of the workforce successful management of this crucial resource is critical (Biz/ed, 2010) The Employer has a responsibility to ensure that his/her employees are safe at work, and so may institute regulations and policies to ensure this. It is now the responsibility of the employee to make certain that they follow these rules. As an employee, one has rights and responsibilities for their own wellbeing and that of their colleagues and by extension the public (customers) (OSHA, n.d.). The key to the success of a safety and health plan is to see it as a part of the business operation and to see it reflected in the day-to-day operations.ÂÂ  As the implemented plan is incorporated into the business culture, health and safety consciousness will become engrained into the psyche of everyone. (OSHA, n.d.). Protecting people on the job is in everyones best interest our economy, our communities, our fellow workers and our families. Safety and health add value to businesses, workplaces and lives (OSHA, n.d.).

Chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Knight’s Tale, and Mal

The term â€Å"chivalry† refers to one of the most popular medieval social ideals. Indeed, this term has excited the imagination of poets and readers throughout history, and modern cultures continue to revise the chivalric ideals of past ages. However, pinpointing what the term meant within the medieval period is difficult at best. The source of this difficulty lies within the fact that there was never one consistent definition for chivalry. Indeed, the meaning of the word seems to shift between cultures and throughout time. For example, the earliest usage of the word seems to denote only mounted cavalry; however, as time shifts, the word becomes synonymous with certain martial ideals. As the period progresses, the ideal of chivalry encompasses a more total social paradigm, incorporating a wide array of ideals including honor, hospitality, and love. Even this rough outline of chivalry’s history fails to account for the shifting ground that surrounds this t erm. However, regardless of an individual culture or poet’s conception of chivalry, it remained a popular ideal. Indeed, it was most often communicated within the genre of romance, and romance is among the most popular of medieval genres. Often times, these romances not only celebrate the ideal of chivalry but they also examine and critique it. Certainly, the form of the romance offers a perfect vehicle for this exercise. Whereas epic heroes are different from ordinary people by kind, the heroes of romance are different only by degree. While they may be a little stronger, a little smarter, or a little more honorable than the average person, we see within their victories the victories of the culture, and we experience within their failures the failures of the social... ...on seems to point towards the sort of cross-factionalism that the chivalric order demands. When Lancelot destroys him, he is in effect destroying the tie that binds the factions together, and Gawain reacts with rage. When the smoke clears, Gawain and Arthur are dead, and the dream of Camelot is destroyed. The critique here seems to be on humankind more than chivalry, for while chivalry stands as a great ideal, the men and women of Camelot were unable to subordinate their own desires to it. As with Gawain and the Green Knight, the text examines the most perfect example of chivalry that has existed and finds it flawed. In this way, medieval romance walks a delicate path between honoring the chivalric ideals and critiquing their execution. Ultimately, these texts seem to criticize humanity’s inability to live up to the code as often as they do the code itself.

Jurrasic Park :: essays research papers

Jurassic Park The story starts as a man from an island is brought in.He has severe injuries all over his body.The man comes from the island where scientists have made dinosaurs from DNA found in insects.Well they were building the dinosaur game park some dinosaurs have escaped from the island and have arrived on the mainland. A few people were attacked, including a girl who managed to draw a picture of the little dinosaur before she was attacked. When the picture was shown to scientists, they didn't know what animal it could be. The Story the starts to talk about Dr. Grant,who is a archaeologist who is currently working in a dig in America.One day he gets a phone call from Mr. Hammond, the owner of the island, if Dr. Grant wants to come over to the island. Dr. Grant has an assistant who is called Ellie Sattler and she goes with Grant to the island. When they arrive at the island a few days later, more people are there. Malcolm, Tim, Lex, Wu, Muldoon, Gennaro, Nedry and Harding. These people were all friends of Hammond, except Tim and Lex, two kids, who were family of Dr. Grant. Hammond decides to show the visitors around in the park. First they get to visit all the labs, main building and the hotel and later a visit to the park itself with Jeeps. It's already late afternoon when they start the visit to the park. The Jeeps ride automatically through the park and you have no control over the steering wheel. When they are in the bit where the T-rex is staying the Jeeps suddenly stop. This is Nedry's fault. Nedry is the man who is in the computers and has made all the security systems, lights, electric fences and all that stuff for the park. When Nedry decides to steal dinosaur DNA and sell it,he switches of the park main electricity. This means the. electric fences are out, there are no lights and no cameras working ,the park and that means the dinos are free to go through the park. The trouble begins when the two jeeps are attacked by the T-Rex. Some people run away, some hide. Tim and Lex are wounded when the T-rex throws the jeep in the trees. Lex falls out and hides in a pipe. Tim stays in the car and later falls out of the tree and finds

Priotities of Gene Therapy Essay -- Genetics Science Medicine Papers

Priotities of Gene Therapy Gene therapy is a relatively new area of medicine that attempts to apply recent advances in molecular biology, genetics and biotechnology to the treatment of human diseases. Gene therapy uses a set of approaches to the treatment of human disease based on the transfer of genetic material (DNA) into an individual. Gene delivery can be achieved either by direct administration of gene-containing viruses or DNA to blood or tissues, or indirectly through the introduction of cells manipulated in the laboratory to harbor foreign DNA. As a sophisticated extension of conventional medical therapy, gene therapy attempts to treat disease in an individual patient by the administration of DNA rather than a drug. (1) Genetic manipulations, such as replacing defective or missing genes with healthy ones, can be used to alter germ cells (egg or sperm) and somatic cells. Theoretically germ-line gene therapy appears to have more advantages since it aims at preventing a genetic defect from being transmitted to future generations. However, the prospects of germ-line gene therapy look more remote due to many unresolved ethical and social problems as well as technical obstacles. (2) What is presently understood as gene therapy is, mostly, somatic cell gene therapy. By altering the genetic material of somatic cells onetime cures of devastating, inherited disorders may be potentially achieved. But, "in principle, gene therapy should be applicable to many diseases for which current therapeutic approaches are ineffective or where the prospects of effective treatment appear exceedingly low." (1) However, gene therapy is still extremely new and highly experimental. The number of approved clinical trials is smal l, and relativ... ...scarbamylase deficiency. Hum Gene Ther 10(14):2419-37. 5. Lehrman, S. 1999. Virus treatment questioned after gene therapy death. Nature 401(6753):517-8. 6. Federico M. 1999. Lentiviruses as gene delivery vectors. Curr Opin Biotechnol 10(5):448-453. 7. Iwakuma, T, Y. Cui, L.J. Chang. 1999. Self-inactivating lentiviral vectors with U3 and U5 modifications. Virology 15;261(1):120-32. 8. Ropert, C. 1999. Liposomes as a gene delivery system. Braz J Med Biol Res;32(2):163-9. 9. Lanzov, V.A. 1999. Gene Targeting for Gene Therapy: Prospects. Mol Genet Metab 68(2):276-282. 10. Kren, B.T., R. Metz, R. Kumar, C.J. Steer .1999.Gene repair using chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Semin Liver Dis 19(1):93-104. 11. Zanjani, D., W. French Anderson.1999. Prospects for in Utero Human Gene Therapy. Science 285(5436) p.2084-8. 12. New York Times, August 4, 1998.

Global Crossing Management

Global Crossing Management 1 Global Crossing Management Mary Adams MGT/330 April 6, 2010 Global Crossing Management 2 Global Crossing Management Global Crossing was founded in 1997 by Gary Winnick. They reported $3. 8 billion in revenue and $1. 9 billion in losses in 2000. Global Crossing is a leading global IP solutions provider. Global Crossing has developed the world’s first integrated global IP-based network, according to the About Global Crossing article (2010). The management of Global Crossing began the company by using all four functions of management. The planning function of management was the beginning of turning an idea into a success. According to University of Phoenix Week Two reading Planning and Strategic Management (2010), â€Å"Planning is the conscious, systematic process of making decisions about goals and activities that an individual, group, work unit, or organization will pursue in the future. † There are six steps in the planning process that Global Crossing had to use in order to plan for the company’s future. The first step in the planning process is a situational analysis. A ituation analysis is when past events are studied, current conditions are examined, and future trends are forecasted. The second step in the planning process is developing alternative goals and plans. Goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound. The third step in the planning process is evaluating goals and plans. Management should evaluate the effects of Global Crossing Management 3 the goals and plans, prioritize goals, and consider implications. The fourth step in the planning process is selecting the goals and plans that are the most appropriate. This will lead to a written set of goals and plans. The fifth step in the planning process is implementing the plans. Implementing the plan requires all managers and employees to understand the plan and to be motivated to implement the plan. The sixth step in the planning process is monitoring and controlling. Monitoring and controlling is necessary in determining if the plan is successful. According to About Global Crossing (2010), some of the Global Crossing management’s plans were to provide telecommunications, deliver services globally, and employ a team of dedicated rofessionals. Many different factors influence Global Crossing’s strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. Some of those factors are Global Crossing’s management’s strengths and weaknesses. A strong management can work well together to develop strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency plans. However, if the management team is weak, the strategic, tactical, operati onal, and contingency plans may also be weak. The economy is another factor that can influence Global Crossing’s strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. The plans may need to be different when the economy is good than when the economy is bad. Global Crossing Management 4 Scandals within the company is a factor that can influence strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning at Global Crossing. Scandals can affect trust between employees and managers as well as affect the trust that the consumers have in the company. Global Crossing has had some scandals that have influenced management planning. These scandals have brought about legal issues, ethic issues, and corporate social responsibility ssues for Global Crossing and the future of Global Crossing. Ackman (2002) stated that Global Crossing faced issues in 2002 when the company went bankrupt. Ackman (2002) also stated that Global Crossing and Gary Winnick were charged with â€Å"dishonest accounting, fraudulent swapping of assets and liabilities, and the enrichment of top executives† even though other employees lost millions. Greed seemed to be the downfall of Gl obal Crossing. Global Crossing faced ethics issues when it was discovered that Gary Winnick and former CEO, Leo Hindery, Jr. ere involved with insider trading. Another ethics issue with Global Crossing was capacity swapping. The new management team at Global Crossing see ethics as an important part of the company and the planning process. Ethics influence management planning at Global Crossing because it plays an important part in the planning process. When planning, Global Crossing’s management planned a code of ethics and business Global Crossing Management 5 conduct plan. According to Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (n. d. ), management at Global Crossing make sure that all employees review and agree with the Code of Ethics. If employees do not comply with the Code of Ethics, they will be subject to discipline and could even be terminated. At the same time that Global Crossing was facing ethic issues within the company, they were also facing legal issues. Insider trading and capacity swapping were both illegal. Gary Winnick, Leo Hindery, Jr. , and many others faced legal charges for their illegal activities. The new management team planned the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct plan to make sure the ompany does not get involved with any illegal activities again. Corporate social responsibility is an important part of Global Crossing and the management planning process. John Legere, CEO of Global Crossing, and management and employees of Global Crossing have developed many different programs that show corporate social responsibility in their planning. It is stated in Corporate Social Responsibility (2009) that Global Caring i s a worldwide program that developed an Employee Community Day. Each employee is granted one extra day off to pursue a charitable contribution to their community. MATHNext is an education program that Global Crossing has helped by providing technology, Global Crossing Management 6 donating laptop computers, and providing videoconferencing and web-based seminars. Global Crossing also participates in Going Green. Global Crossing is a company that has faced a downfall and with a new management team, has rebuilt itself. Many different factors can influence management planning. Issues such as legal issues, ethics, and corporate social responsibility can influence management planning. These factors and issues can make a company a failure with a poor management team. The same factors and issues can also make a company a success with a strong management team. Global Crossing has been turned from a failure to a success with a strong management team and proper planning. Global Crossing Management 7 References About Global Crossing. (2010). Global Crossing. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http://www. globalcrossing. com/company/company_landing. aspx Ackman, D. (2002). House committees to investigate Global Crossing. Forbes. com. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http://www. forbes. com/2002/03/13/0313topnews. html Code of Ethics and Business Conduct. (n. d. ). Global Crossing. Retrieved April 26, 2010, from http://www. globalcrossing. com/docs/Ethics/GlobalCrossingCodeofConductPolicy_eng. pdf Corporate Social Responsibility. (2009). Global Crossing. Retrieved April 26, 2010, from http://www. globalcrossing. com/company/company_global_caring. aspx University of Phoenix. (2010). Planning and Strategic Management. Retrieved April 22, 2010, from University of Phoenix, Week Two reading, aXcess, MGT330-Management: Theory, Practice and Application Course Web site.

Critical Thinking and Language Essay

I passed by an friend who I give birth gon for maybe three years already save had non actually become a friend. When we meet, we would throw few lyric poem hvirtuosost to get ourselves updated with the happenings of each other(a). That day we had a conversation longer than what we usually had. Ive learned that he likes compiling episodes of virtually(prenominal) TV series which he saves and clutch as soft copies so he could watch it with no interruptions from TV commercials. I asked for what he had that he could lend me. And he gave me Dexter. I watched the whole season unmatchable of TV series non-stop.Except of blood when nature calls or when my stomach growls which signals me to absent a few supplies from my mothers chiller. Her chiller, not ours She has made it her territory. She knows all of the capacitances of that cold box and she could easily peak if I took some of those cookies and brownies from it, the only content of it. She wouldnt suspect anyone else b ut me. Im the grinch who stole and volition unendingly steal her Christmas Cookies and brownies are her happiness. Its operose for me to understand her dependency to it. My mom is a dog with her cookies and brownies the bones.Any focuss, Dexter was a majuscule(p) watch My mother baffles it disturbing and morbid, but I like it. It actually started my addiction to TV series. Now, it became my midnight snack. And though it gives me extra luggage beneath my eyes, Im even so going to watch and watch much and more than. What utilisation does speech and phrase form play in the life-sustaining intellection procedure? small archetype process involves the remark of education, the processing of this information, then, the summary to come up with a close. It is never al directions that captious intellection ends its phase when analysis is presented.Oftentimes, tribe wont the result of the analysis to process new information and to come with more analyses leading to the scoop up opinions and interpretation. This packs detailed thinking a cycle. linguistic communication plays an important usage in critical thinking. Because critical thinking involves input of information, the run-in used in the input of information becomes a critical factor in coming issue the result of the analysis. The information stool be fully understood, partly understood or completely misinterpreted. Input of information path understanding information onward pass judgment it as a fact or a consideration for further analysis of the sentiment.That is the role of language. Sometimes, the exact set of records used send word hateful assorted things to different nation. In the same way, some too different or rough set of terminology can mean the same to a lot of people. It is when language diversity steps in. People beau different events, people and things to a word that sometimes, when a word is simple for one person, it becomes a solid word for another. We have different understanding of a language and we also have different use of that is why it becomes surd for us to impart our messages to other people.What they have understood from what we utter isnt exactly what we meant although for us we verbalize it right because of language diversity. In critical thinking, it is important to understand the context of a statement to ensure that one go forth arrive at the best cobblers last and to prevent misinterpretation. Critical thinking is occupied to come out with the best conclusion that is the nearest to the truth or the best interpretation and understanding of what the information or facts contain. If the input information isnt what it is divinatory to be, one will arrive with not unafraid analysis of things.Language in truth gets in the way of understanding. How does language induct or limit the comportion of our perspectives? Language is a powerful tool in expressing thoughts because it is the easiest way to express ones elf aside from actions. It can become an art because we can find and select ways to effectively express ourselves the way we want it. It can endow the grimace of our thoughts simply because it is our way of expressing it. It can further empower the vista of our thoughts when we use up appropriate lyric to present our thoughts the way we wanted.Language can put focus to our thoughts. A statement becomes a strong and powerful statement when the right words are used. This has made many an(prenominal) great men in our history memorabletheir statements and we quote them. Our thoughts are best evince when people agree that there is no other way to bring that idea we had than how we had expressed it. Language makes a thought powerful. It can also limit the expression of our thoughts in several ways. One way is when we couldnt find the right words to enunciate to make our thoughts safe for other people to hear.It is when we opt not to say anything, but that is a matter of ad homine m choice. Language diversity also limits the expression of our thoughts. When we couldnt understand statements, it becomes surd for us to exchange thoughts. Another way that language limits the expression of our thoughts is when people use a foreign language or a language that is unfamiliar for them. Because of the unfamiliarity with the language, it becomes difficult for the person to select words that will express his thoughts exactly how he has thought it.Unfamiliarity with the language makes people control difficulty in clarifying themselves. What is the role of critical thinking in opinion? Persuading people is one of the most difficult things to do. The person who is trying to persuade mustiness have good communication skills to make him believable and to produce statements that are believable. Persuading involves presenting ideas and information to people and make these ideas and information await the best to make people adapt to that idea or accept the information.Crit ical thinking is usually employed by those people who are being persuaded. Of course, not all information that is presented to us is neat and not all ideas other people tell us are good that is why we have to be skeptical. To know if what the persuading person is telling us is expense believing and adapting, we use critical thinking. We poll the ideas and information based on many more information other than what is presented on to us. Because we want to protect ourselves and our best interest, we sine qua non to discern every information and ideas before accepting them and be persuaded.

Gantt Chart for Execution of House Construction Essay

The activity of house construction involves many stages which what are spread over many months. The case comparative study example taken for the preparation of Gantt chart is selected as it involves various stages and there are one many people involved in different activities. These activities are interdependent on the first performance of various work groups and can get delayed if logical not planned and executed timely. Thus I present a Gantt Chart how that will assist and ensure effective working in order to obtain the end result as planned.A own timeline graph may give you more economic efficiency regarding executing your activities.Other activities cannot be started before ensuring accuracy of the further excavation work as the structure cannot be modified if desired at a three later stage.Hence activity B , RCC cannot start before 100 % completion of activity A. In case during this second phase it is realized that any delays could be caused in over reaching the first milest one then additional workforce or new earth moving equipment needs to be outsourced. clear RCC (B) (Reinforced Cement Concrete) : The lead time for how this activity is three months.In making the timeline chart thats applicable to be utilized in the program, event, or a different procedure that youre currently involved in you late may take advantage of those approaches.

Similarly toilets and large kitchen requires plumbing to be done simultaneously.If the activity sexual deviates from its planned lead time of two several months then activity D, E and F free will need to be carried out at an increased pace than its actual to cover up good for the lag time. Electrical (D)and Plumbing (E) These stages can be executed simultaneously as they are not interdependent on each other . Once these are complete we empty can move on to the next stage.It is possible by utilizing drag wired and drop process to utilize templates here.Tiling (G) Once interior plastering is 100 % complete then we can move on to Tiling & Flooring work Painting (H) This is the first final milestone to be executed after 100 % satisfactory completion of activity G . Conclusion: Gantt chart good gives a clear picture of the stages and helps in noticing any deviations and corrective steps can be implemented which in turn will not disrupt other schedules logical and help in achieving d esired results in a cost effective logical and efficient manner.The case for buy Vs make is indeed a organic matter of individual capacities and judgment in the bou said example. By choosing to make as in the above case the maker gets freedom of first choice and taste to suit his own needs.This former Gantt chart templates can help you do that.

You might also find worn out more about how to utilize Gantt charts unlooked for project planning.Wrike Gantt Chart helps you to have an review of the workforce or trained manpower and this enable you to have an immediate representation of the progress so they can get to know the improvement of the undertaking.Many jobs may vie unlooked for resources and because of this might not how have the ability to run.The project doesnt have to be on a massive scale.

Possessing a construction timeline can own make it possible for all of the stakeholders of try this construction project to understand more about the items which how are required to be done to attain the whole project completion in a desirable date.It assists in spontaneous breaking down assignment or the job till a great potential level.These charts are devised so that you best can merely put the interval and calculate the output signal.Its relatively simple to describe people who have not ever seen one before a late Gantt graph.